Railways, road transport, urban passenger transport, highways, ports, maritime and river transport, airlines and civil aviation, and transport equipment manufacturing are all covered by the report. In addition, the infrastructure assets, the institutional framework, and the operating and financial performance of each mode are discussed. The study also analyzes the economic and fiscal impact of each transport mode on the national economy and assesses how that role may change in the future. A strategy for change, based on the analysis, along with recommendations for the Government of the Russian Federation to help the transport sector adapt to its new market role is developed as part of this report.